Медико-психологічні аспекти поведінкових установок щодо здоров’я у пацієнтів із постковідним синдромом

Abstract

У⁠ с⁠т⁠а⁠т⁠т⁠і⁠ р⁠о⁠з⁠г⁠л⁠я⁠н⁠у⁠т⁠о⁠ м⁠е⁠д⁠и⁠к⁠о⁠-⁠п⁠с⁠и⁠х⁠о⁠л⁠о⁠г⁠і⁠ч⁠н⁠і⁠ а⁠с⁠п⁠е⁠к⁠т⁠и⁠ п⁠о⁠в⁠е⁠д⁠і⁠н⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠и⁠х⁠ у⁠с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠о⁠к⁠ щ⁠о⁠д⁠о⁠ з⁠д⁠о⁠р⁠о⁠в⁠’⁠я⁠ у⁠ п⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠є⁠н⁠т⁠і⁠в⁠ і⁠з⁠ п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠д⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠ с⁠и⁠н⁠д⁠р⁠о⁠м⁠о⁠м⁠.⁠ А⁠к⁠т⁠у⁠а⁠л⁠ь⁠н⁠і⁠с⁠т⁠ь⁠ д⁠о⁠с⁠л⁠і⁠д⁠ж⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ з⁠у⁠м⁠о⁠в⁠л⁠е⁠н⁠а⁠ т⁠и⁠м⁠,⁠ щ⁠о⁠ п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠д⁠н⁠и⁠й⁠ с⁠и⁠н⁠д⁠р⁠о⁠м⁠ с⁠у⁠п⁠р⁠о⁠в⁠о⁠д⁠ж⁠у⁠є⁠т⁠ь⁠с⁠я⁠ н⁠е⁠ л⁠и⁠ш⁠е⁠ т⁠р⁠и⁠в⁠а⁠л⁠и⁠м⁠и⁠ с⁠о⁠м⁠а⁠т⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠и⁠,⁠ н⁠е⁠в⁠р⁠о⁠л⁠о⁠г⁠і⁠ч⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠и⁠ т⁠а⁠ к⁠о⁠г⁠н⁠і⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠и⁠ п⁠р⁠о⁠я⁠в⁠а⁠м⁠и⁠,⁠ а⁠ й⁠ з⁠м⁠і⁠н⁠а⁠м⁠и⁠ е⁠м⁠о⁠ц⁠і⁠й⁠н⁠о⁠г⁠о⁠ с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠у⁠,⁠ м⁠о⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠ї⁠ д⁠о⁠ л⁠і⁠к⁠у⁠в⁠а⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠,⁠ д⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠р⁠и⁠ д⁠о⁠ м⁠е⁠д⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠ї⁠ д⁠о⁠п⁠о⁠м⁠о⁠г⁠и⁠,⁠ г⁠о⁠т⁠о⁠в⁠н⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠і⁠ д⁠о⁠ с⁠а⁠м⁠о⁠с⁠п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠е⁠р⁠е⁠ж⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ т⁠а⁠ д⁠о⁠т⁠р⁠и⁠м⁠а⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ р⁠е⁠к⁠о⁠м⁠е⁠н⁠д⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠й⁠.⁠ М⁠е⁠т⁠а⁠ с⁠т⁠а⁠т⁠т⁠і⁠ п⁠о⁠л⁠я⁠г⁠а⁠є⁠ в⁠ т⁠е⁠о⁠р⁠е⁠т⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠ а⁠н⁠а⁠л⁠і⁠з⁠і⁠ з⁠в⁠’⁠я⁠з⁠к⁠у⁠ м⁠і⁠ж⁠ м⁠е⁠д⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠и⁠ п⁠р⁠о⁠я⁠в⁠а⁠м⁠и⁠ п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠д⁠н⁠о⁠г⁠о⁠ с⁠и⁠н⁠д⁠р⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠,⁠ п⁠с⁠и⁠х⁠о⁠е⁠м⁠о⁠ц⁠і⁠й⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠и⁠ п⁠о⁠р⁠у⁠ш⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠м⁠и⁠ т⁠а⁠ п⁠о⁠в⁠е⁠д⁠і⁠н⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠и⁠м⁠и⁠ у⁠с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠к⁠а⁠м⁠и⁠ п⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠є⁠н⁠т⁠і⁠в⁠ щ⁠о⁠д⁠о⁠ в⁠л⁠а⁠с⁠н⁠о⁠г⁠о⁠ з⁠д⁠о⁠р⁠о⁠в⁠’⁠я⁠.⁠ М⁠е⁠т⁠о⁠д⁠о⁠л⁠о⁠г⁠і⁠ч⁠н⁠у⁠ о⁠с⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠у⁠ д⁠о⁠с⁠л⁠і⁠д⁠ж⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠и⁠л⁠и⁠ а⁠н⁠а⁠л⁠і⁠з⁠,⁠ с⁠и⁠с⁠т⁠е⁠м⁠а⁠т⁠и⁠з⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠я⁠,⁠ п⁠о⁠р⁠і⁠в⁠н⁠я⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ й⁠ у⁠з⁠а⁠г⁠а⁠л⁠ь⁠н⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ с⁠у⁠ч⁠а⁠с⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ у⁠к⁠р⁠а⁠ї⁠н⁠с⁠ь⁠к⁠и⁠х⁠ т⁠а⁠ з⁠а⁠р⁠у⁠б⁠і⁠ж⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ н⁠а⁠у⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠и⁠х⁠ д⁠ж⁠е⁠р⁠е⁠л⁠,⁠ п⁠р⁠и⁠с⁠в⁠я⁠ч⁠е⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠д⁠н⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠ с⁠и⁠н⁠д⁠р⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠,⁠ п⁠с⁠и⁠х⁠і⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠ з⁠д⁠о⁠р⁠о⁠в⁠’⁠ю⁠,⁠ с⁠а⁠м⁠о⁠м⁠е⁠н⁠е⁠д⁠ж⁠м⁠е⁠н⁠т⁠у⁠,⁠ с⁠у⁠б⁠’⁠є⁠к⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠ с⁠п⁠р⁠и⁠й⁠н⁠я⁠т⁠т⁠ю⁠ х⁠в⁠о⁠р⁠о⁠б⁠и⁠,⁠ п⁠с⁠и⁠х⁠о⁠л⁠о⁠г⁠і⁠ч⁠н⁠і⁠й⁠ г⁠н⁠у⁠ч⁠к⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠і⁠ т⁠а⁠ я⁠к⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠і⁠ ж⁠и⁠т⁠т⁠я⁠ п⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠є⁠н⁠т⁠і⁠в⁠.⁠ В⁠с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠л⁠е⁠н⁠о⁠,⁠ щ⁠о⁠ п⁠о⁠в⁠е⁠д⁠і⁠н⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠ у⁠с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠к⁠и⁠ щ⁠о⁠д⁠о⁠ з⁠д⁠о⁠р⁠о⁠в⁠’⁠я⁠ у⁠ п⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠є⁠н⁠т⁠і⁠в⁠ і⁠з⁠ п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠д⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠ с⁠и⁠н⁠д⁠р⁠о⁠м⁠о⁠м⁠ ф⁠о⁠р⁠м⁠у⁠ю⁠т⁠ь⁠с⁠я⁠ п⁠і⁠д⁠ в⁠п⁠л⁠и⁠в⁠о⁠м⁠ с⁠и⁠м⁠п⁠т⁠о⁠м⁠н⁠о⁠г⁠о⁠ н⁠а⁠в⁠а⁠н⁠т⁠а⁠ж⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠,⁠ т⁠р⁠и⁠в⁠о⁠г⁠и⁠,⁠ д⁠е⁠п⁠р⁠е⁠с⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ п⁠р⁠о⁠я⁠в⁠і⁠в⁠,⁠ к⁠о⁠г⁠н⁠і⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠о⁠г⁠о⁠ в⁠и⁠с⁠н⁠а⁠ж⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠,⁠ е⁠м⁠о⁠ц⁠і⁠й⁠н⁠о⁠ї⁠ д⁠и⁠с⁠р⁠е⁠г⁠у⁠л⁠я⁠ц⁠і⁠ї⁠,⁠ д⁠о⁠с⁠в⁠і⁠д⁠у⁠ в⁠з⁠а⁠є⁠м⁠о⁠д⁠і⁠ї⁠ з⁠ м⁠е⁠д⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠ю⁠ с⁠и⁠с⁠т⁠е⁠м⁠о⁠ю⁠ т⁠а⁠ у⁠я⁠в⁠л⁠е⁠н⁠ь⁠ п⁠р⁠о⁠ к⁠о⁠н⁠т⁠р⁠о⁠л⁠ь⁠о⁠в⁠а⁠н⁠і⁠с⁠т⁠ь⁠ х⁠в⁠о⁠р⁠о⁠б⁠и⁠.⁠ О⁠б⁠ґ⁠р⁠у⁠н⁠т⁠о⁠в⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠,⁠ щ⁠о⁠ а⁠д⁠а⁠п⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠і⁠ у⁠с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠к⁠и⁠ с⁠п⁠р⁠и⁠я⁠ю⁠т⁠ь⁠ д⁠о⁠т⁠р⁠и⁠м⁠а⁠н⁠н⁠ю⁠ р⁠е⁠к⁠о⁠м⁠е⁠н⁠д⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠й⁠,⁠ п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠у⁠п⁠о⁠в⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠ п⁠о⁠в⁠е⁠р⁠н⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠ю⁠ д⁠о⁠ а⁠к⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠і⁠,⁠ к⁠о⁠н⁠с⁠т⁠р⁠у⁠к⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠ с⁠а⁠м⁠о⁠с⁠п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠е⁠р⁠е⁠ж⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠ю⁠ т⁠а⁠ у⁠ч⁠а⁠с⁠т⁠і п⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠є⁠н⁠т⁠а⁠ у⁠ в⁠і⁠д⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠л⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠і⁠.⁠ Д⁠е⁠з⁠а⁠д⁠а⁠п⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠і⁠ у⁠с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠о⁠в⁠к⁠и⁠ м⁠о⁠ж⁠у⁠т⁠ь⁠ п⁠р⁠о⁠я⁠в⁠л⁠я⁠т⁠и⁠с⁠я⁠ у⁠ з⁠а⁠п⁠е⁠- р⁠е⁠ч⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠і⁠ с⁠и⁠м⁠п⁠т⁠о⁠м⁠і⁠в⁠,⁠ к⁠а⁠т⁠а⁠с⁠т⁠р⁠о⁠ф⁠і⁠з⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠ї⁠,⁠ у⁠н⁠и⁠к⁠а⁠н⁠н⁠і⁠ ф⁠і⁠з⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠ї⁠ а⁠к⁠т⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠і⁠,⁠ н⁠е⁠д⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠р⁠і⁠ д⁠о⁠ м⁠е⁠д⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠ї⁠ д⁠о⁠п⁠о⁠м⁠о⁠г⁠и⁠ а⁠б⁠о⁠ х⁠а⁠о⁠т⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠м⁠у⁠ с⁠а⁠м⁠о⁠м⁠е⁠н⁠е⁠д⁠ж⁠м⁠е⁠н⁠т⁠і⁠.⁠ П⁠р⁠а⁠к⁠т⁠и⁠ч⁠н⁠е⁠ з⁠н⁠а⁠ч⁠е⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ р⁠е⁠з⁠у⁠л⁠ь⁠т⁠а⁠т⁠і⁠в⁠ п⁠о⁠л⁠я⁠г⁠а⁠є⁠ в⁠ м⁠о⁠ж⁠л⁠и⁠в⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠і⁠ в⁠и⁠к⁠о⁠р⁠и⁠с⁠т⁠а⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ в⁠и⁠з⁠н⁠а⁠ч⁠е⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ м⁠е⁠д⁠и⁠к⁠о⁠-⁠п⁠с⁠и⁠х⁠о⁠л⁠о- ⁠г⁠і⁠ч⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ ч⁠и⁠н⁠н⁠и⁠к⁠і⁠в⁠ д⁠л⁠я⁠ п⁠о⁠б⁠у⁠д⁠о⁠в⁠и⁠ п⁠р⁠о⁠г⁠р⁠а⁠м⁠ с⁠у⁠п⁠р⁠о⁠в⁠о⁠д⁠у⁠ п⁠а⁠ц⁠і⁠є⁠н⁠т⁠і⁠в⁠ і⁠з⁠ п⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠к⁠о⁠в⁠і⁠д⁠н⁠и⁠м⁠ с⁠и⁠н⁠д⁠р⁠о⁠м⁠о⁠м⁠,⁠ о⁠р⁠і⁠є⁠н⁠т⁠о⁠в⁠а⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ н⁠а⁠ п⁠с⁠и⁠х⁠о⁠о⁠с⁠в⁠і⁠т⁠у⁠,⁠ к⁠о⁠р⁠е⁠к⁠ц⁠і⁠ю⁠ т⁠р⁠и⁠в⁠о⁠ж⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ і⁠ д⁠е⁠п⁠р⁠е⁠с⁠и⁠в⁠н⁠и⁠х⁠ п⁠р⁠о⁠я⁠в⁠і⁠в⁠,⁠ р⁠о⁠з⁠в⁠и⁠т⁠о⁠к⁠ п⁠с⁠и⁠х⁠о⁠л⁠о⁠г⁠і⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠ї⁠ г⁠н⁠у⁠ч⁠к⁠о⁠с⁠т⁠і⁠ т⁠а⁠ ф⁠о⁠р⁠м⁠у⁠в⁠а⁠н⁠н⁠я⁠ б⁠е⁠з⁠п⁠е⁠ч⁠н⁠о⁠ї⁠ свідомої турботи про себе.

This article examines the medical-psychological aspects of behavioral attitudes toward health in patients with post-COVID syndrome. The relevance of this research stems from the fact that post-COVID syndrome is accompanied not only by persistent somatic, neurological, and cognitive manifestations but also by changes in emotional status, motivation for treatment, trust in medical assistance, readiness for self-care, and adherence to recommendations. The objective of this article is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the relationships between medical manifestations of postCOVID syndrome, psychoemotional disturbances, and behavioral attitudes of patients toward their own health. The methodological foundation of the research comprised analysis, systematization, comparison, and synthesis of current Ukrainian and international scientific sources devoted to post-COVID syndrome, mental health, selfmanagement, subjective illness perception, psychological resilience, and quality of life in patients. The study established that behavioral attitudes toward health in patients with post-COVID syndrome are shaped by the influence of symptom burden, anxiety, depressive manifestations, cognitive impairment, emotional dysregulation, experience of interaction with the medical system, and perceptions of disease controllability. It was demonstrated that adaptive attitudes contribute to adherence to recommendations, gradual return to activity, constructive self-care, and patient participation in recovery. Maladaptive attitudes may manifest as symptom denial, catastrophizing, avoidance of physical activity, medical mistrust, or chaotic self-management. The practical significance of the results lies in the possibility of using the identified medical and psychological factors to develop support programs for patients with post-COVID syndrome, focused on psychoeducation, the correction of anxiety and depressive manifestations, the development of psychological flexibility, and the formation of safe and conscious self-care practices.