Four stages after stress reactions

Abstract

Stress is the main cause of non-communicable diseases. Currently, the prevailing concept is that there are two stages of post-stress reactions: the sympathetic and the neuroendocrine stages, as defined by Selye.Taking into account the ideas of nervismand in accordance with the available biochemical and pathophysiological data, we propose to consider post-stress reactions in the form of 4 stages: 1. Sympathetic. 2. Parasympathetic. 3. Neuroendocrine. 4. Dysmetabolic.At the first stage, the mediators are norepinephrine and adrenaline, at the second stage – acetylcholine, kinins, lipopolysaccharide, at the third – corticosteroids, thyroxine, at the fourth – various metabolitesand microbe forums.