Influence of fat-free, fat and sucrose diets on the indicators of lipid metabolism in rats

Abstract

The aim. To determine the effect on lipid metabolism in the serum of rats of diets: fat-free, fat and sucrose. Materials and methods. Feeding experiments were carried out on rats divided into 3 groups: the first received a fat-free diet (FFD), the second received a diet with 5 % sunflower oil and the third received a diet with 50 % sucrose. The condition of lipid metabolism was assessed according to the following indicators of blood serum: the content of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, MDA, fatty acid composition of neutral lipids (TG + cholesterol esters) and phospholipids. The duration of feeding was 30 days. Results. An increase in TG levels in rats fed with oil or sucrose and a decrease in MDA levels in rats fed a sucrose diet was found. The greatest gain in live weight was found in rats fed a fat diet. The presence of all essential fatty acids in the blood serum lipids of rats receiving FFD and a sucrose diet was found, and the content of ω-3 PUFAs was the highest in rats treated with FFD. Conclusions. Rats have endogenous sources of PUFA, including the ω-3 series. Consumption of sunflower oil inhibits the formation of ω-3 PUFAs and increases the ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio by 2.5-4 times. Consumption of sucrose increases the formation of oleic acid and decreases lipid peroxidation.