Abstract:
Information about the differential diagnosis of human bodily injuries, which were formed
when the body, wheel and bottom of a modern car came into contact with the body of a
pedestrian; a person on the road surface, in the cabin of a modern car (driver and
passengers), when a cyclist comes into contact with a car, in cases of combined types
of car injury, is not enough. The purpose of the study is to increase the objectivity of
forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage to the dental
system in cases of the most common types of accidents: collision of moving vehicle
with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury inside the
vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the mechanism of
the specified damages. The archival materials of 130 forensic medical examinations of
the municipal institution "Odessa Regional Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination"
concerning victims of living persons and corpses as a result of traffic accidents that
were accompanied by their injuries in the period 2015-2020 were used. The following
research methods were used: anthropometric, morphometric, photographic, radiological,
statistical. The article presents our own experience of improving the objectivity and
provability of forensic examinations by determining the criteria for assessing damage
to the dental system in cases of the most common types of vehicle: collision of moving
vehicle with man; run over the body with a wheels or the bottom of vehicle; at an injury
inside the vehicle on the basis of the analysis of morphological features and the
mechanism of the specified damages. It is proved that according to the degree of
gravity of physical injuries (health disorder or disability), damage to the dental apparatus
in traffic accidents should be investigated only in cases of isolated injuries. In this
case, fractures of the jaws, regardless of their nature, should be assessed as moderate
injuries according to the criterion of long-term health disorders; Crown fractures,
traumatic tooth dislocations, and soft tissue fatal wounds should be considered simple
injuries that have caused short-term health disorders. Abrasions, bruises should be
attributed to simple injuries. Thus, it is impractical to separately determine the severity
of the injury of the dental system in cases run over the head with a wheels or the bottom
of vehicle - in these cases, we always deal with gross, massive destruction of the bones
of the skull.
