На сучасному етапі розвитку епідемічний процес гострих кишкових інфекцій (ГКІ) з невстановленим збудником (ГКІНЗ) характеризується високою інтенсивністю, з постійним ростом рівня захворюваності,
збільшенням питомої ваги у структурі ГКІ, як серед загального населення Одеської області – від 36,58% до
69,13%, так і серед дитячого – від 38,02% до 68,44%, що свідчить про поступовий процес заміни збудника
ГКІ з бактеріального – на вірусний. В період 2002-2009 рр. вірогідно частіше хворіли на ГКІНЗ діти від 0 до 2
років (t=12,23; р<0,0001). В період 2010-2018 рр. – діти від 0 до 1 та від 1 до 4 років у порівнянні з загальною
групою від 0 до 17 років (t=9,86; р<0,0001) та (t=6,69; р<0,0001) відповідно. Протягом 2010-2018 рр. відмічено
зменшення впливу сезонних факторів на рівень захворюваності на ГКІНЗ протягом року. Для вдосконалення
системи інфекційного контролю за вірусними діареями необхідне широке впровадження у клінічну практику
лабораторної експрес-діагностики.
The purpose of the work: to study the epidemic process manifestations (long-term dynamics of
morbidity, age distribution, seasonality) of acute diarrhoeal infections, including acute diarrhoeal infections caused
by unidentified pathogen in the Odessa region during the period 2002-2018.
The object and methods of research. The object of the study is the epidemic process of acute diarrhoeal infections,
including the epidemic process of acute diarrhoeal infections caused by unidentified pathogen. The study used the
folloving methods: retrospective epidemiological analysis of relevant forms of sectoral statistical reporting (№1-204
reports, № 2-17 reports) on the incidence of acute diarrhoeal infections (the sum of cases) and acute diarrhoeal
infections caused by unidentified pathogen among different age groups of the population lived in the Odessa region
during the period 2002-2018; statistical (using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software packages and the STATISTICA 5
computer program); analytical.
Results of researches and their discussion. We carried out retrospective analysis of the incidence of acute
diarrhoeal infections (the sum of cases) among different age groups of the population, lived in the Odessa region
during the period 2002-2018. Total 217,633 cases were reported. The morbidity rate among the general population
of the Odessa region ranged from 376.47 in 2002 to 810.60 in 2017; an average of 541.44 ± 34.13 per 100,000
population. During the study period, among the general population there was a gradual growth (more than 2 times)
in the incidence of acute diarrhoeal infections. The cases of disease among children were recorded reliably more
often than among adult of the region. Among the children’s population of the region, there were reliably more cases of this pathology than among adults. Intensive indicators in the age group of 0-17 years ranged from 1,110.01 (2002)
to 3,012.37 (2017), averaging 1,936.46 ± 150.53 per 100,000 per age group.
The study of the manifestations of the epidemic process of acute intestinal infections caused by unidentified
pathogens showed that during 2002-2018, among the general and adult population living in the Odessa region, there
was a gradual increase in the incidence. Among the total population, its level increased 4 times and was recorded in
the range of 137.73 in 2002 to 548.96 in 2017, averaging 306.66 ± 31.70. Children more often than adults had acute
diarrhoeal infections caused by unidentified pathogen. During the study period, out of 122,599 all cases of acute
diarrhoeal infections caused by unidentified pathogen, 80,944 cases were reported among children (66.02%). The
study of long-term dynamics and trend calculations showed a significant increase in the morbidity rate (3.83 times)
among this group – from 528.23 (2002) to 2,025.90 (2017); an average of 1,195.58 ± 107.55 per 100,000 population.
It was found a gradual increase in the proportion of acute diarrhoeal infections caused by unidentified pathogen in
the structure of acute diarrhoeal infections, both among the general population of the region and among children.
Over the two studied periods (from 2002 to 2009 and from 2010 to 2018), a reliably increase in the incidence of
this pathology among the child population of the Odessa region was established from 700.04 ± 67.28 to 1453.63 ±
128.74 per 100,000 population per age group (t = 10.45; p <0.0001).
Conclusions. Acute diarrhoeal infections caused by unidentified pathogen these are viral diseases, which are
characterized by the gradual process of replacing of bacterial causative agents of acute diarrhoeal infections by viral
ones. During 2010-2018, a decrease in the influence of seasonal factors throughout the year on the morbidity rate
of acute diarrhoeal infections caused by unidentified pathogen was recorded. To improve the system of infection
control of viral diarrhea, it is necessary to widely introduce laboratory express diagnostics into clinical practice.
На современном этапе развития эпидемический процесс острых кишечных инфекций (ОКИ) с
неустановленным возбудителем (ОКИНВ) характеризуется высокой интенсивностью, с постоянным ростом
уровня заболеваемости, увеличением удельного веса в структуре ОКИ как среди общего населения Одесской
области от 36,58% до 69,13%, так и среди детского – от 38,02% до 68,44%, что свидетельствует о постепенном
процессе замены возбудителя ОКИ с бактериального – на вирусный. В период 2002-2009 гг. достоверно чаще
болели ОКИНВ дети от 0 до 2 лет (t = 12,23; р <0,0001). В период 2010-2018 гг. – дети от 0 до 1 и от 1 до 4 лет по
сравнению с общей группой от 0 до 17 лет (t = 9,86; р <0,0001) и (t = 6,69; р <0,0001) соответственно. В течение
2010-2018 гг. отмечено уменьшение влияния сезонных факторов на уровень заболеваемости ОКИНВ в течение года. Для совершенствования системы инфекционного контроля за вирусными диареями необходимо
широкое внедрение в клиническую практику лабораторной экспресс-диагностики.
