Трансформация системы защитных механизмов психики в системе "Экзистенциальный кризис – субъект»

Abstract

Статья посвящена исследованию защитных механизмов человека, находящегося в экзистенциальном кризисе. Предложено рассматривать защитные механизмы и совладающее поведение в контексте объединения двух подходов, а именно, психоаналитического и экзистенциального, что делает возможным расширение взгляда на человека и его жизнь. В ходе исследования определившихся кризисных групп, были выделены основные защитные механизмы и coping поведение. Благодаря процедуре факторного анализа были выявлены латентные конструкты, определяющие содержание фактора «защитное поведение». В ходе проведения экзистенциальноаналитического тренинга были исследованы защитные механизмы, их взаимосвязь и трансформация.

The article is devoted to researching of defense mechanisms of person who is in an existential crisis. To consider defense mechanisms and coping behavior in the context of combining two approaches, namely, the psychoanalytic and existential, which makes it possible to expand the view of person and his life was proposed. During the study of crisis groups which were determined, the main defense mechanisms and coping behavior were identified. Due to the procedure of factor analysis the latent constructs which determined the content of the factor "defense behavior" were revealed; it’s have become not only defense mechanisms and coping behavior, but the values of normative ideals (negative values). Using ANOVA, dataset obtained in the analysis of defense mechanisms and coping behaviors that are actualized during the existential crisis was analyzed. Has been determined that the main coping behavior is self-control. Besides defense mechanisms that are specific to each of the represented crisis groups were identified. During research the effect of passing the existential-analytical training on respondents who are in different crisis groups, as well as studying the defense mechanisms the crisis group was determined. In this group with the help of regression analysis the systemic relationship between the indicator of the "crisis in the past" and psychological defenses were revealed. Actual defense mechanisms are: reaction formation, regression and displacement, which are directly related to the experience and the overcoming of existential crisis.