Конусно-променева томографія – метод вибору при плануванні дентальної імплантації

Abstract

Стаття присвячена порівнянню діагностичної цінності таких методик діагностики в імплантології, як ортопантомографія і конусно-променева комп'ютерна томографія. Експериментально було визначено, що ортопантомографія має більшу похибку при вимірюванні лінійних розмірів важливих анатомічних утворень, ніж конусно-променева комп'ютерна томографія.

Dental implantation is part of a method of restoring the dentition. One of the common methods of dental implantation is a two-phase implantation. This method involves the installation of intrabone element (first stage), and then, after a period of healing, a second phase. Important role in the occurrence of complications of implantation is played by mistakes on stage of diagnostics and implant planning, especially incorrect definition of the indications for this procedure. The main method for determining the local status before implantation is a radiological. Common method of diagnosis is orthopantomography. A new technique is cone - beam computed tomography. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of these two methods, especially in determining the distance to important anatomical structures such as the mandibular canal. To assess the accuracy of linear measurements experiment was used. The experimental model was the corpse jaw with fixed radiographic markers on it. X-ray contrast object was installed in the mandibular canal. Mental hole was well defined on all types of shots. The linear dimension from the top of the alveolar ridge to the mandibular canal in the direction of a possible implantation in the region of the radiographic markers was determined. During analyzing the results of measurements it was found that in orthopantomography distance to the mandibular canal was significantly (p<0,05) bigger than in cone - beam computed tomography, indicating the lack of precision of orthopantomography and the possibility of errors in the planning phase. In addition, the degree of dispersion of the values of measurements was much higher for orthopantomography, due to errors in the positioning of the object. Thus, the use of cone - beam computed tomography for diagnostics and implant planning is more efficient than using orthopantomography because it does not have projective distortion, and allows you to get the maximum amount of data on the structure of the study area in any plane.

Статья посвящена сравнению диагностической ценности таких методик диагностики в имплантологии, как ортопантомография и конусно-лучевая компьютерная томография. Экспериментально было определено, что ортопантомография обладает большей погрешностью при измерении линейных размеров важных анатомических образований, чем конусно-лучевая компьютерная томография.