Experimental study of ultrastructural changes in the oral mucosa of rats after firearm and non-firearm injuries to the maxillofacial region

Abstract

Gunshot wounds are among the most severe forms of traumatic injury, characterized by a complex clinical course, a high rate of complications, and substantial disability in affected individuals. Against the backdrop of ongoing armed conflicts, widespread access to firearms, and an increasing number of terrorist attacks, the frequency of such injuries continues to grow, placing the issues of their diagnosis and treatment at the forefront of contemporary clinical practice. Although a considerable body of research has been dedicated to gunshot injuries, numerous aspects of their pathogenesis, tissue morphological changes, and the recovery of maxillofacial structures remain poorly understood. This highlights the need for continued experimental and clinical investigation aimed at gaining a deeper insight into the mechanisms of tissue damage, as well as at developing more effective approaches to surgical correction and patient rehabilitation.