Abstract:
The master's thesis analyzes modern literary sources on the etiology,
pathogenesis, and epidemiology of homeostasis disorders in childhood in the form
of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance; compares changes that occur in
diseases of the respiratory system, digestive tract, and nonspecific inflammatory
diseases complicated by acidosis and alkalosis in relation to the age-related
physiological norm; determines the place of modern instrumental research methods
in the diagnosis of these disorders, as well as for assessing the effectiveness and
safety of pharmacotherapy aimed at normalizing these indicators; clarifies
approaches and standards of treatment and the use of necessary drugs for
pathogenetic treatment.
Based on the available clinical and laboratory data, a conclusion was made
about the predominant presence of signs of respiratory and metabolic acidosis in
children, the main mechanisms of acidification of the internal environment and
lowering of blood pH were determined, which later served as the basis for the
choice of personalized rehydration infusion therapy and its subsequent inclusion in
local protocols for providing specialized care at different levels of dehydration. In
respiratory acidosis, the protocol included oxygen inhalation support in
combination with intravenous administration of saline solution, alkaline solutions
(sodium bicarbonate, soda buffer); in metabolic acidosis, saline solutions, sodium
bicarbonate solution, and lactated Ringer's solution were used first. Hardware
control of minimal volumes of venous or capillary blood (0,5 ml) allows for rapid,
dynamic laboratory control of blood pH, partial pressure of oxygen and carbon
dioxide, current levels of bicarbonate and lactate in blood plasma, indicators of the
power of the entire blood buffer system with control of buffer bases and their
deviations, and use them to diagnose the severity of homeostatic complications and
monitor the effectiveness and safety of appropriate infusion therapy.
