Case of eczema herpeticum in a breast cancer patient

Abstract

Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a disseminated cutaneous infection caused by the herpes simplex virus, typically occurring in patients with atopic dermatitis. However, it can also manifest in individuals with other preexisting skin conditions characterized by impaired skin barrier function (allergic contact dermatitis, Darier’s disease, ichthyosis), as well as in those with immunodeficiency disorders (HIV/AIDS, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, Sézary disease, and immune-compromised patients). Despite its distinctive clinical features, this uncommon condition is often misdiagnosed as other skin disorders, leading to delays in administering systemic antiviral medications and potential life-threatening complications (meningitis, encephalitis, multiple organ failure).