Study of osteoplastic and anti-inflammatory efficiency of drugs containing calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of injections of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) drugs of various concentrations and hyaluronic acid on the state of periodontal tissues in rats with experimental periodontitis. The study was carried out on the periodontal tissues of rats in which periodontitis was reproduced. The animals were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 - intact (control); Group 2 - rats with reproduced periodontitis without treatment; Group 3 - rats with periodontitis, which were treated by injections of calcium hydroxyapatite at a concentration of 55.7%; Group 4 - rats with periodontitis, which were treated by joint injections of "calcium hydroxyapatite 55.7% + stabilized hyaluronic acid"; Group 5 - rats with periodontitis, which were treated by injections of "calcium hydroxyapatite 27.85% + unstabilized hyaluronic acid". The effectiveness of treatment was assessed by the activity of elastase, alkaline and acid phosphatases in the bone tissue of the jaw, the concentration of malondialdehyde, the activity of elastase and acid phosphatase in the rat gingival homogenate. Single subgingival injections of calcium hydroxyapatite in combination with hyaluronic acid had a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect on the soft tissues of the periodontium, reducing the concentration of malondialdehyde in the homogenates of the gums of rats with periodontitis by 24.6 - 40.3%, the activity of acid phosphatase - by 25.3 - 38, 3%, elastase activity - by 23.5 - 29.8%. No direct relationship was found between the calcium concentration in the drugs and their anti-inflammatory effect. A high concentration of calcium without hyaluronic acid was less effective than a low concentration combined with hyaluronic acid. Experimental studies have shown the ability of drugs of calcium hydroxyapatite in combination with hyaluronic acid to inhibit the activity of destructive enzymes and increase the activity of the osteoblast marker in the jaw bone tissue of rats with periodontitis, along with a decrease in inflammation markers in the gums of animals with periodontitis.