Фармакохімічний аналіз та медичне застосування рослин роду Daucus (огляд)

Abstract

В статті наведено данні щодо фітохімічного складу та медичного застосування рослин роду Морква родини селерових. Визначені ботанічні особливості найбільш поширених на території України представників роду Daucus, а саме моркви посівної та моркви дикої, вивчені фітохімічний склад та особливості медичного застосування представників роду Daucus в народній та офіцинальній медицині різних країн світу, а також особливості їх фармакологічної активності та перспективи щодо подальшого вивчення.

It is known that modern possibilities of pharmacotherapy of various diseases have significantly increased. The search for and creation of effective and safe drugs with a wide range of pharmacological activity remains relevant. Plants of the genus Daucus are a promising plant for a detailed pharmacognostic research. Representatives of the genus have been used for centuries in folk medicine of different countries and exhibit a wide range of medicinal properties. Carrot plants have not been sufficiently studied in phytochemistry and pharmacology. The aim of the study was to analyze the scientific literature and databases of PubMed, Google Scholar on the botanical characteristics, phytochemical composition and medicinal uses of plants of the genus Daucus. The presence of coumarins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, niacin, thiamine, tocopherol and lutein has been proven in extracts from plant raw materials of different varieties of carrots. The content of biologically active substances can be determined by such factors as variety, temperature, air quality and carbon dioxide content in it, processing and storage. Plants of the genus Carrot (Daucus) are rich in biologically active substances, are actively used in both folk and official medicine, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, cytotoxic, antitumor, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiphteric, hepatoprotective, antihypertensive, carminative, diuretic, antispasmodic, wound-healing and immunostimulatory effects. Analysis of the world experience in the use of plants of the genus Daucus in folk medicine, experimental research on the phytochemical composition of plants of the said genus and a wide range of their pharmacological activity showed that aboveground and underground organs of different species of plants of the genus Daucus can be considered promising raw materials for further research on their basis of new phytopreparations of a wide range of action.