Видання англійською мовою. Кафедра загальної та клінічної патологічної фізіології

Analysis of the relationship between the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Analysis of the relationship between the activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy Sirman, Ya. V.; Savytskyi, I. V. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in erythrocyte diphosphoglycerate levels and Willebrand factor in the development of hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetic retinopathy. The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. Our results indicate the development of hypoxia on the 30th day of development of experimental diabetic retinopathy with subsequent progression of pathological changes on the 60th and 180th day of the study, as evidenced by the decrease level of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate of erythrocytes in the 2nd group (p <0,001). The most pronounced increase in the studied marker of hypoxia was detected in the 3rd stage of the experiment (p <0,001). As a result of our study, a violation of the structural and functional state of the endothelium in experimental diabetic retinopathy was proved, as evidenced by an increase in the level of Willeband factor in group 2 (p <0.001), most pronounced in stage 3. The most pronounced increase in the level of Willebrand factor was detected in the 3rd stage of the experiment (p <0.001). Analyzing the data obtained, we can say that there is a relationship between the development of hypoxia and endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of experimental diabetic retinopathy.

Study of vasodilation processes

2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

Study of vasodilation processes Sirman, Ya. V.; Savytskyi, I. V. To date, the key role of endothelial dysfunction in the occurrence and progression of diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy has been proven. The study was performed on white Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. According to the tasks, the animals were divided into 7 groups. Our results indicate a violation of vasodilation on the 30th day of experimental diabetic retinopathy with subsequent progression of pathological changes on the 60th and 180th day of the study, as evidenced by a decrease in the content of S-nitrosothiols in group 2 (p <0,001), most pronounced in the 3rd stage. When analyzing the data of group № 3, it was found that the correction of the pathological condition with the help of hypoglycemic agents has some positive effect, but does not allow to significantly adjust the pathological development of reduced vasodilatory potential. The results of the 4th group indicate that the involvement of nitric oxide donor and aflibercept in the correction of diabetic retinopathy corrects the pathological changes and helps to restore the physiological pathway of nitric oxide synthesis and vascular tone, the maximum effect is observed on the 180th day of the experiment, but normative cannot be achieved. It is observed that the correction of the simulated pathological condition by reducing hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept and bromfenac (group № 5) gives positive results in the first stage, but less pronounced than involvement in the complex correction of L-arginine solution in subsequent stages. It was found that rats in which diabetic retinopathy was simulated with subsequent correction of hyperglycemia, administration of aflibercept, L-carnitine and bromfenac (group № 6) have a pronounced tendency to normalize the studied marker of hypoxia in comparison with the previous methods in the second stage. nitrosothiols at the time of reaching the 3rd stage is reduced. The obtained data suggest that the method of correction chosen in group 7 (correction of hyperglycemia, aflibercept, L-arginine and citicoline solution) more pronouncedly normalizes the content of the vasodilation marker compared to other groups of our experiment, which is pronounced in long-term correction - on 180th day.

Peculiarities of the condition of vascular platelic hemostasis in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in rats

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

Peculiarities of the condition of vascular platelic hemostasis in diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy in rats Hrytsan, I. I.; Savytskyi, I. V.; Preys, N. I.; Sarakhan, V. M.; Moiseieva, G.; Yermuraki, P. The article presents experimental data on the study of changes in vascular platelet hemostasis in rats with experimental DR and DN on the background of type 2 diabetes. It is established that microcirculatory complications of type 2 diabetes are characterized by a decrease in platelet count, increased aggregation capacity. In the study of induced platelet aggregation, the polarity of the results of the study was proved, which indicates the dependence of complications on the functional state of vascular platelet hemostasis, primarily due to stimulated, depleted platelets and the corresponding number of intact platelets. More pronounced changes in vascular-platelet hemostasis on the background of type 2 diabetes in rats with DN compared with the group of animals that reproduced DR.

Rat skin inflammation markers change in response to calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid administration

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Rat skin inflammation markers change in response to calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid administration Larkina, S. A.; Seletskaya, A. V.; Makarenko, O. A.; Vastyanov, R. S. In the research, the level of some markers of skin inflammation in Wistar rats was examined after injection of calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid drugs of various concentrations, where the nature, degree, extent of tissue damage and the general condition of the animals in general were close to humans’. Each drug was evaluated according to several indicators (MDA content, activity of neutrophil elastase, acid phosphatase, and catalase) to understand the measure of the adequacy of the body's response to the intensity of the stimulus. A biochemical analysis of the skin of laboratory rats after the injection of the studied drugs showed that the safest drugs contain nonstabilized 4% hyaluronic acid. Either in pure form or in a 1: 1 mixture with calcium hydroxyapatite at a concentration of 55.7%, since in 2 months after their injection in the skin of experimental animals, markers of inflammation (elastase, acid phosphatase and MDA levels), catalase and API activity were found at the normal level. The injection of drugs containing stabilized 2% hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite 55.7%, as well as stabilized 2.6% hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxyapatite at a concentration of 1% caused prolonged LPO activation, increased level of inflammation markers and decreased API. The injection of calcium hydroxyapatite drugs without hyaluronic acid, even at a 1: 1 dilution with saline, also caused prolonged LPO activation, an increased level of inflammation markers and a decreased API, and, in addition, revealed a significant increase in acid phosphatase activity, which is an indicator of the integrity of cell membranes. The obtained results made it possible to analyze the features of the molecular response and regulation of inflammation upon injection of calcium hydroxyapatite and hyaluronic acid drugs of different concentrations, which will help in prescribing of treatment.

Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in experimental peritonitis

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in experimental peritonitis Savytskyi, I. V.; Mukhin, O. M.; Tsypoviaz, S. V.; Merza, Y. M.; Zashchuk, R. G.; Znamerovsky, S. G.; Badiuk, N. S. Peritonitis is one of the most serious complications of pathology of the abdominal organs, which is characterized by a high mortality rate. Violation of the natural mechanisms of detoxification (immune, detoxification functions of the liver and kidneys), which occur in acute peritonitis, due to primary damage to their structure and the development of maladaptation mechanisms, accompanied by endogenous intoxication syndrome. One of the characteristic and aggravating manifestations of the syndrome of endogenous intoxication is the activation of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The aim: study of the dynamics of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation in experimental peritonitis. In the first hour simulated fecal peritonitis development in the rats blood revealed an increase in the level of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde (p <0.001 compared with the results of intact animals. In the second stage was detected more pronounced increase in the level of primary and secondary products of lipid peroxidation (p <0.001) as compared with the data of the same hole in the first stage, and compared with the results of group No. 1. On the 3rd day of simulated peritonitis development in rats there is a marked deterioration of the animal condition, which was manifested in lipid peroxidation progression: the diene conjugates level increased at the significance level p <0.001, and the level of malondialdehyde compared to p <0.05 data from the previous stage of the same group.

New aspects of pedagogical activity in the distant form of pathological physiology teaching to medical university students

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

New aspects of pedagogical activity in the distant form of pathological physiology teaching to medical university students Vastyanov, R. S.; Yermuraki, P. P.; Stoyanov, A. N.; Tiron, O.I.; Beseda, Ya. V.; Ostapenko, I. O.; Dobrovolsky, V. V.; Lapshin, D. Ye.; Stecenko, A. V. Distance learning (DL) is a completely new and unique form of education, which got forced to switch to by the current pandemic of coronavirus disease. Note that until now, distance learning technologies have been used at the department of general and clinical pathological physiology and some other departments of the Odessa National Medical University (ONMedU). The aim of this analytical article is to analyze the efficacy of ONMedU General and Clinical Pathological Physiology Department staff during the one and a half year period of the coronavirus infection pandemic with an accent to psychological approach to students modified teaching. The urgent need of time and the primary desire to protect students and their own lives during 2020-2021 requires us to improve our own pedagogical approaches in the further on-line teaching of students. We see success in systematic methodological work with students, the implementation of which will make it possible to evoke and increase their motivation to study histology. The importance of this methodological technique, supported in the senior years of medical universities by the integration of teaching theoretical and clinical disciplines, the approximation of teaching to specific clinical cases will help optimize the assimilation of morphological knowledge by students at least and, undoubtedly, in the near future will lead to a better assimilation of clinical disciplines. In connection with the ideas of individualized and developmental learning, the use of psychological capabilities of learning tools in the virtual environment brings both pedagogy and psychology to a new level of understanding the mediation of mental, creative, communicative and executive learning and learning activities. The use of distance learning helps the students to acquire skills of independent work, creates comfortable conditions for creativity, increases the creative and intellectual potential of the student through self-organization, the ability to interact with computer technology and make responsible decisions, creates favorable conditions for individual creative expression in the process of learning, for the development of the student's personality. The authors are convinced that the optimization and improvement of the educational process in medical universities is to draw students' attention to the problems that the medical community is dealing with on a daily basis today.

Features of students mental health indicators during the academic year under pandemic conditions of COVID-19

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Features of students mental health indicators during the academic year under pandemic conditions of COVID-19 Frenkel, S. M.; Vlasenko, O. O.; Savytskyi, I. V.; Savytskyi, V. I.; Badiuk, N. S. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly transitioned into a worldwide pandemic. This development has had serious implications for public institutions and raises particular questions for medical universities. The article presented the results of original study the effect of distance learning during COVID-19 pandemic period in the psychological and physical indicators of students who study in medical university. Conducting survey in the pre-session period, which is characterized by the relative stability of the psychoemotional state of students and moderate mental and physical stress, established that the physical and psychological state of the studied group is satisfactory. The study showed that during the session period and quarantine, many students faced a number of negative factors affecting their normal mental health is an increase in the level of stress, anxiety, anxiety, which in turn led to the development of sleep problems in some of the students, which also contributed to decrease in attention, memory, general performance, strengthening, emotional lability. We can assume that distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period has led to an increase in the stress effect on the nervous system, which in the future may cause the development of diseases of various genesis. All human studies were conducted in compliance with the rules of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles of medical research with human participation as an object of study". Informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Dynamics of vasoconstructor-vasodilation potential on the background of the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Dynamics of vasoconstructor-vasodilation potential on the background of the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy Sirman, Ya. V.; Preys, N. I.; Savitsky, I. V.; Badiuk, N. S.; Blavatska, O. M.; Hrytsan, I. I.; Tsypoviaz, S. V. Proved development of endothelial dysfunction in rats that was modeled experimental diabetic retinopathy, as evidenced by increased endothelin-1 levels. It was found that at each stage of the study, pathological vasoconstriction increases (p <0.001 compared with the intact group). It was revealed that simulated diabetic retinopathy negatively affects vasodilation potential, as evidenced by the analysis of the content of S-nitrosothiols in the blood of experimental animals (p <0.001 compared with the data of intact animals). In the analysis of vasoconstrictor-vasodilyatatsiynogo potential at each stage of the experiment proved the prevalence of pathological vasoconstriction (p <0.001). The weakening of the vasodilatory potential was step by step more gradual in comparison w ith the dynamics of the increase in the vasodilation potential. In a comparative experiment characteristic pathological stages most pronounced shifts mounted on stage III of diabetic retinopathy study simulated (180-day).

Comparative analysis of motor and emotional behavioral disorders in conditions of experimental chronic ischemic and chronic convulsive syndromes

2021-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comparative analysis of motor and emotional behavioral disorders in conditions of experimental chronic ischemic and chronic convulsive syndromes Vastyanov, R. S.; Kirchev, V. V.; Muratova, T. M.; Kashchenko, O. A.; Vastyanova, O. V.; Tatarko, S. V.; Zayats, L. M.; Вастьянов, Р. С.; Кірчев, В. В.; Муратова, Т. М.; Кащенко, О. А.; Вастьянова, О. В.; Татарко, С. В.; Заяць, Л. М. Chronic cerebral ischemia is a phenomenon and pathological process, and, accordingly, patients with chronic cerebral ischemia represent the vast majority of cases and episodes of cerebrovascular pathology. With chronic cerebral ischemia, the regulatory processes in the brain are significantly disrupted, the course of which is provided by vestibular, visual, cutaneous, proprioceptive and other sensory cortical projections and central control. The aim of the work is to determine in a comparative aspect the rat’s types of motor and emotional behavior disorders in the dynamics of both chronic cerebral ischemia and Kindlinginduced chronic convulsive activity. The data obtained indicate that rats with a model of chronic ischemia already during the 1st day of the experiment revealed the expressed changes in motor and postural behavior, muscle and coordination activity, as well as severe neurological and emotional disorders. The obtained results of motor and emotional types of behavior changes in rats under conditions of chronic cerebral ischemia coincided with the results of similar types of behavior testing in rats with picrotoxin kindling. We consider the identity of the registered indexes in conditions of ischemic and convulsive brain damage to be fundamentally important, which testifies the common pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic cerebral ischemia and kindlind-induced chronic convulsive syndrome. The authors believed that a comprehensive pathogenetically based pharmacological correction of motor behavior and emotional sphere will result in anti-ischemic and anticonvulsant effects achievement.; Хронічна ішемія мозку як феномен і патологічний процес, і, відповідно, пацієнти з хронічною ішемією мозку представляють переважну масу випадків і епізодів цереброваскулярної патології. При хронічній ішемії мозку істотно порушуються регуляторні процеси в мозку, перебіг яких забезпечується вестибулярною, зоровою, шкірною, пропріоцептивною і іншими сенсорними кортикальними проекціями і центральним контролем. Мета роботи – визначення в порівняльному аспекті різновидів порушення моторної та емоційної поведінки щурів в динаміці хронічної ішемії мозку та кіндлінг-індукованої хронічної судомної активності. Отримані дані свідчать про те, що у щурів із моделлю хронічної ішемії вже протягом 1-ї доби досліду реєструються виражені зміни моторної та позної поведінки, м'язової та координаційної активності, а також виражені неврологічні порушення та емоційні розлади. Отримані результати зміни моторної та емоційної різновидів поведінки щурів за умов хронічної ішемії мозку співпадали з результатами тестування аналогічних різновидів поведінки у щурів із пікротоксиновим кіндлінгом. Тотожність зареєстрованих показників за умов ішемічного та судомного ураження мозку вважаємо принципово важливим, що свідчить на користь спільних патогенетичних механізмів формування хронічної ішемії мозку та хронічного судомного синдрому за умов кіндлінгу. Вважаємо, що комплексна патогенетично обгрунтована фармакологічна корекція моторної поведінки та емоційної сфери буде також спрямована на формування антиішемічного та протисудомного ефектів.

The relationship between the immune system activity and the bacterial vaginosis development

2020-01-01T00:00:00Z

The relationship between the immune system activity and the bacterial vaginosis development Hruzevskyi, O. A.; Minukhin, V. V.; Vastyanov, R. S. The main cause of bacterial vaginosis (BV) is immunodeficiency which is both systemic and local in nature and increases in parallel to a dysbiosis grade deepening. It is of great importance to link the indicators of BV-associated microbiota with individual indicators of systemic immune responses. The aim of the study is to establish a relationship between the immune system state and the development of various grades bacterial dysbiosis and BV. The study selected 298 women, who were divided into groups according to the index of conditionally pathogenic microflora (ICPM): in normocenosis ICPM was lower than -3 lg GE/sample (n = 53); in grade I dysbiosis it was from -3 to -1 lg GE/sample (n = 128); and in grade II dysbiosis (BV) it was more than -1 lg GE/sample (n = 117). Molecular-genetic studies of the scraping of epithelium from the posterolateral vaginal paries were performed using the method of polymerase chain reaction (DNA technology, RF). Optional and obligate anaerobes, myco- and ureplasms and yeast fungi were quantified. Content in the blood of fractions of T-and B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins, cytokines, complement, lymphocyte phagocytic activity (LPA), 21 indicators in total) were determined using standard 273 immunological methods. Interrelation between the microbial biocenosis with the considered indicators was studied using the regression analysis (Statistica 10; StatSoft, Inc., USA). In normocenosis, normobiota indicator (NBI) was determined by activation of complement (C4), PA – as well by activation of complement (C3) and by content of sIgA in blood; ObA and YF – by γ-INF level, and YF – also by IL8, IL10 and sIgA levels; ICPM effective value was determined by the number of CD22+ lymphocytes. In grade I dysbiosis, NBI depended on the number of CD22+ lymphocytes, IL6, IgM, IgG, LPI, CIC, IL10, which indicated the implementation of various mechanisms and involvement of almost all of the immune system levers to compensate for dysbiosis at the beginning of its formation. In grade I dysbiosis, ObA amount was also affected by IL6 and IL10, and MU amount – by IL1β and IgG. In grade II dysbiosis, no factors affected NBI, which indicated that the dysbiotic processes went beyond the control of the immune system. Content of IL1β in blood reflected a shift of the ICPM: when its level exceeded 24.6 pg/ml, grade II dysbiosis was present; at IL1β level from 9.6 pg/ml to 24.6 pg/ml – it was grade I dysbiosis, and at IL1β level less than 9.6 pg/ml – it was normocenosis. Factors, which anaerobic dysbiosis was the trigger for, were activation of the humoral immunity (IgG secretion) and IL10 increase. General analysis of the interrelation between the immune system indicators with the number of pathogenic microbiota revealed the development of systemic combined immunodeficiency and “slipping” of the most pathogenic microorganisms out of the control of the immune system.