Методи планування ендосальної дентальної імплантації

Abstract

Статья посвящена методам планирования эндоссальной дентальной имплантации, прежде всего рентгенологическим. Проведен обзор существующих методик планирования с позиции информативности и лучевой нагрузки для пациента. Методом выбора следует считать конусно-лучевую компьютерную томографию как наиболее безопасный и информативный метод Показано, что коэффициент стабильности имплантата (определенный методом частотно-резонансного анализа) выше при использовании для планирования имплантации конусно-лучевой компьютерной томографии по сравнению с ортопантомографией.

Diagnosis and planning of implantation are complex of techniques aimed at clarifying the possibility of implantation in principle, the determination of implant type and size of implants and prosthetic rehabilitation. One of the most important methods of diagnosis is radiological technique. The most common method of research is orthopantomography. However orthopantomography has several disadvantages. For accurate information about the structure of the study area and precise implant planning the use of a computer axial tomography is recommended. The newest and more progressive technology of computer axial tomography is a cone-beam computed tomography. The purpose of this study was to compare the primary stability of implants installed according to diagnostic data of orthopantomography and cone — beam computed tomography. This study includes 46 patients with partial secondary adentia of lower jaw, which have indications to installation of one implant in the lateral section. Patients were divided into two equal groups. In the control group the diagnosis and implant planning was performed using conventional methods of digital orthopantomography. To determine the mechanical stability of the implant set, the method of resonance frequency analysis was carried out using intraoperative device Osstell mentor (“Integration Diagnostics”, Sweden). This analysis was repeated at opening implant on second stage. The patients of the main group in addition to the described research were subjected to cone — beam computed tomography implantation area before surgery and after it. Diagnosis and planning of surgery in the study group was performed according to the cone-beam computed tomography.