Фактори ризику розвитку міоми матки у жінок репродуктивного віку

Abstract

Целью исследования была оценка факторов риска развития миомы матки у женщин репродуктивного возраста. Показано, что в условиях гинекологического стационара ГУ «Дорожная больница» ГП «Одесская железная дорога» миома матки по частоте в структуре обращений занимает третье место после воспалительных процессов придатков матки и эндометриоза. Наиболее частая локализация миомы — интерстициальная, при этом в 49,8 % случаев опухоль локализуется в теле матки. К основным факторам риска возникновения миомы относятся гормональный дисбаланс, возраст до 45 лет и наследственная предрасположенность

Uterine fibroids and their complications remain one of the main reasons for surgical interventions in gynecological practice in all developed countries. The frequency of this pathology in the structure of gynecological diseases is high and comprise by different authors data, from 10 to 27%, the results of autopsies of about 50%, according to U.S. researchers more than 70%. Approximately 30–45 % of cases of uterine fibroids are diagnosed in women of reproductive age: 15–17 % in women older than 30 years, and 30–35% at the premenopausal age. Recently there was determined a trend towards the rejuvenation of the disease. After 30 years the risk of uterine fibroids increases to 70–80 %, and the incidence continues to be very common pathology in women in the perimenopause period. However, it is impossible to determine the true incidence due to asymptomatic course in more than 70 % of uterine fibroids. The study was aimed to evaluate risk factors for uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age. The research was conducted at the SI “Road Hospital” of SE “Odessa Railway” during 2008–2013. There was conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of women of reproductive age suffering from uterine fibroids (code ICD-10 D25). Statistical analysis performed using the software Statistica 7.0 (USA).