Видання іноземною мовою. Кафедра педіатрії

The Magic of Lateral Thinking and the Features of Its Implementation in Medical Education

2026-02-03T08:11:06Z

The Magic of Lateral Thinking and the Features of Its Implementation in Medical Education Biryukov, V. S.; Gozhenko, A. I.; Zukow, W. Enhancing teaching efficiency in clinical disciplines for medical students is critical for reducing medical errors and improving future medical practice. Despite advancements in foundational sciences, traditional teaching methods often fail to cultivate essential critical thinking skills. Lateral thinking (LT), a non-traditional approach emphasizing creativity and heuristic problem-solving, offers potential for innovation in medical education. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of LT-integrated pedagogy compared to traditional teaching methods in pediatric clinical training for master’s students, testing three hypotheses: 1. LT is incompatible with disciplines requiring strict protocol adherence (e.g., pediatrics).2. LT implementation requires minimal changes to traditional pedagogy.3. LT yields no significant difference in learning outcomes versus conventional methods. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted with fifth-year Pediatrics master’s students at Odessa National Medical University. Participants were divided into: Control group (n=19): Traditional teaching (case analysis, protocol-based instruction). Experimental group (n=24): LT-integrated teaching (e.g., "Five Whys" technique, brainstorming, "medical tribunal" game). Both groups completed two lessons on "Diabetes mellitus in children." Twelve competencies (diagnostic/therapeutic skills) were assessed. Statistical analysis included t-tests, Pearson’s χ², and dispersion metrics (SPSS 17.0, Excel 2010). Results: The study refutes all five hypotheses. (1) LT implements evidence-based medicine while maintaining safety and applying innovative solutions in complex conditions. (2) Integration of LT required substantial structural changes (correlation coefficient = 0.298; χ² = 71.39, p<0.001). (3) After the second lesson, the LT group showed significantly higher skill acquisition (92.46% ±4.59 vs. 79.90% ±9.88; t=22.69, p<0.01; χ²=20.05, p<0.05). (4) LT reduced variance significantly (dispersion: 71.98 vs. 212.35; ratio 2.95:1). (5) LT accelerated mastery by 35% (13.26 vs. 17.86 hours; efficiency ratio 1.35:1). Conclusion of the study: The integration of lateral thinking in medical education enhances skill acquisition, promotes teamwork, and improves adaptability to complex clinical scenarios. Although it requires significant restructuring of teaching methods and additional preparation time, the benefits in terms of learning outcomes and efficiency are substantial.

Bioethical aspects of the quality of life of children with autism spectrum disorders and their families

2025-12-15T13:07:09Z

Bioethical aspects of the quality of life of children with autism spectrum disorders and their families Bratkova, L. B.; Jai-Hjouji, Ayoub Relevance. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetically determined condition characterized by impairments in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted interests and activities. The substantial social context of ASD generates potential bioethical challenges for affected children and significantly influences the quality of life (QoL) of their caregivers. Aim. To identify key bioethical issues and assess the quality of life of caregivers of children with ASD. Materials and Methods. A survey was conducted among 125 caregivers of children with ASD, divided into two groups: Group 1: 89 children with ASD combined with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and Group 2: 36 children with isolated ASD.

Refeeding syndrome in newborns: diagnostic criteria

2025-12-15T13:10:43Z

Refeeding syndrome in newborns: diagnostic criteria Lotysh, N .; Fedin, M .; Papinko, R .; Koropets, V . Relevance. Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a serious metabolic complication that occurs upon refeeding after a period of starvation or severe nutritional deprivation. Although this phenomenon has been well studied in adults, timely recognition, diagnostic criteria, and prevention of RFS in newborns – particularly preterm infants, those with low birth weight, and infants with fetal growth restriction – remain insufficiently standardized. A key challenge is the lack of unified diagnostic criteria for neonatal RFS, which hampers timely detection, preventive measures, and crossstudy comparability. Aim. To summarize current evidence on diagnostic criteria for RFS in neonatal practice, identify principal risk markers of its development, and propose practical approaches for clinical use.

Psychosomatic medicine: a manual

2025-11-18T11:50:28Z

Psychosomatic medicine: a manual Zaporozhan, V. M.; Aryayev, L. M.; Aryayev, M. L. The textbook describes the history, modern understanding of the subject of psychosomatics and trends in its development. The theoretical foundations of psychosomatics, its social, philosophical, religious and bioethical aspects are presented. The peculiarities of managing a psychosomatic patient and the relationship between a doctor and a patient are considered. Standardised methods of research and psychosomatic diagnosis are dis. The therapeutic approaches in psychosomatics are highlighted. For applicants of higher medical education and doctors of various specialties.

The importance of hierarchy and classification of sciences in the educational process

2025-06-10T08:01:27Z

The importance of hierarchy and classification of sciences in the educational process Biryukov, V. The work is devoted to the current issue of a systemic nature. A positive attitude toward the need for the classification of sciences is justified. The arguments are the facts of the creative influence of the classification of sciences on: 1. Optimization of knowledge structuring. 2. A clearer identification of the specialization of sciences is needed. 3. Classification helps to see differences and connections between sciences. 4. Form the methodology of knowledge. 5. Forms the educational process. 6. Carries out synergism of scientific communications. 7. Potes the economic and managerial feasibility of structuring sciences. The work considers the task of substantiating a new modern methodology and reflecting the dynamics of the emergence of new scientific areas. Both structural-functional and hierarchical approaches are used. The subject of the study (subject) is the patterns of the emergence of new scientific areas in the modern world. The object of research is the possibility of logical and graphic interpretation of the formation of new scientific areas and their relationships. Models of a historical approach and classification of sciences in terms of fundamentalism and object of research are proposed. The trends of the 21st century, which should be taken into account by classifiers of science, are represented 1. Convergence of NBIC technologies: nano (material science), BIO (general engineering), info (quantum calculations). Cogno (neuro interfaces). 2. Revolutionary changes to the methodologists are presented: the fourth paradigm (given-oriented science): CERN: 30 petabytes/data year with a tank; Alphafold: prediction of 200 million protein structures. 3. The emergence of new disciplines: Cliodinomics: mathematical modelling of historical processes. Astrobiology: Search for life outside the Earth + synthetic biology. The forecast has been made that further studies should show that the real, relevant hierarchy of sciences should discard the image of the hierarchical staircase and take the form of a neural network with cross-bonds, where breakthroughs arise at the joints of the disciplines. With this approach, mathematics remains the “queen of sciences," but its power is now shared with science and complexity theory. A dynamic interference model is proposed to predict the development of new directions.

Entropy and yin-yang concepts in medicine: intersection points

2025-05-19T08:40:09Z

Entropy and yin-yang concepts in medicine: intersection points Biryukov, V. The modern medical care system of developed countries is characterized by unlimited possibilities of diagnostics of various diseases at the organ, genetic and molecular levels. The high technical equipment of hospitals and the availability of constantly updated treatment protocols created on the basis of evidence-based medicine allow doctors to achieve great success in the treatment of diseases that were considered hopeless 20–30 years ago.

New horizons of medical education: Developing critical and logical clinical reasoning in students

2025-05-05T06:07:38Z

New horizons of medical education: Developing critical and logical clinical reasoning in students Biryukov, V. S.; Gozhenko, A. I.; Zukow, W. Quality management experts in medical services note with concern that despite the high energy intensity of modern medicine, the number of medical errors remains relatively high. Addressing this problem through administrative methods does not show visible effects. A concept has been proposed that one of the reasons for this paradox may be the peculiarity of clinical thinking among physicians. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the nature of medical errors made by young doctors (masters and interns) in diagnosing common diseases in children of the Odesa region of Ukraine. Material and Methods. In the analysis of errors, deductive and inductive methods were used, as well as methods of formal logic. 115 case histories were studied. Erroneous conclusions were revealed in 109 cases (94.78%). Results. The rating of erroneous conclusions by masters identified the structure of the "imaginary logical connection" - non sequitur (Latin) as the most common type, made by 42 respondents (36.52%). The next three places were taken by other reasoning structures: 2 - "After that, it means because of that" - post hoc ergo propter hoc: 28 respondents (24.35%); 3 - "Reasoning in a circle" - idem per idem: 23 responses (20.00%); 4 - verbal tricks, which are "ethically controversial rhetorical techniques": 16 responses (13.91%). Analysis of 109 erroneous logical conclusions for compliance with the four laws of logic showed that the first law, "The law of identity," was violated 53 times (48.62%), the second law, "The law of contradiction," was violated 29 times (26.61%), the third, "The law of the excluded middle," was violated 18 times (16.51%), and the fourth, "The law of sufficient reason," was violated 9 times (8.26%). Conclusions. It was concluded that the clinical disciplines program should include a systematic cognitive process–teaching critical thinking skills. Critical thinking in medicine is a systematic cognitive process, the training of which allows a doctor to accurately carry out a series of logical conclusions, integrate knowledge from fundamental disciplines, and minimize cognitive errors.

Childhood obesity and osteoporosis

2025-04-25T08:58:59Z

Childhood obesity and osteoporosis Hnida, N. I.; Гніда, Н. І. Sufficient accumulation of bone tissue is extremely important for the growth and development of the child’s body. Among the factors that can adversely affect this process, deviations from normal body weight cause the greatest concern today due to the significant increase around the globe. The purpose of the present review article is to analyze current research on the relationship between obesity in children and the development of osteoporosis. Material and methods. The narrative literature review was conducted using data published in the PubMed database in 2022–2024, as well as by manually searching the reference lists for relevant studies. The search query included a combination of words such as child, obesity, osteoporosis. In total, 58 studies were identified following the results of the literature search. The final number from 30 sources was included in this review. Results and discussion. Studies conducted on sufficiently large samples indicate that the real impact of obesity on bone mass in children can be determined primarily by its degree. An increase in body mass index (BMI) can indeed be directly related to an increase in bone mineral density (BMD), but up to a certain BMI value. Further, the dependence of BMD on BMI can become either zero, or the reverse. In addition, the real impact of obesity on bone mass in children is also determined by the presence or absence of a concomitant metabolic syndrome. Many modern studies indicate that it is the presence of metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese children that adversely affects BMD. The negative impact of metabolically unhealthy obesity on BMD may be mediated by a deficiency of important micronutrients in the child’s body, primarily vitamin D, the metabolism of which in obesity can be significantly impaired. Conclusion. Measures to normalize body weight are necessary already in childhood. Among other things, they will prevent osteoporosis in the future. It is necessary not only to correct the nutritional status but also to use special sets of exercises for overweight and obese children and adolescents.; Наративний огляд літератури проводився з використанням даних, опублікованих у наукометричній базі PubMed у 2022–2024 роках, а також шляхом ручного пошуку за списками літератури відповідних досліджень. Аналіз показав, що ожиріння у дітей і підлітків частіше сприяє збільшенню, ніж зниженню мінеральної щільності кісткової тканини (МЩКТ). Але існує певний рівень насиченості індексу маси тіла (ІМТ), після якого пряма залежність МЩКТ від ІМТ може стати зворотною. Крім того, у разі метаболічно нездорового типу ожиріння ця залежність також частіше зворотна. Це призводить до підвищеного ризику остеопенії та остеопорозу, як у дитинстві, так і пізніше в дорослому віці. Тому заходи щодо нормалізації маси тіла необхідні вже в дитячому віці і служать у тому числі профілактикою остеопорозу в майбутньому.

Этиология и особенности течения ХБП у детей при патологии мочевыделительной системы

2025-04-24T06:19:16Z

Этиология и особенности течения ХБП у детей при патологии мочевыделительной системы Никитенко, О. П.; Стоева, Т. В.; Федин, М. В.; Гоженко, А. И. В настоящее время заболеваемость органов мочевыделительной системы (МВС) у детей остается актуальной. В мире ежегодно увеличивается нефрологическая патология у детей. Согласно данным многих популяционных исследований отмечается значительное увеличение числа пациентов с заболеваниями органов МВС. Особенно высокие темпы роста обнаруживают врожденные пороки развития почек и дисметаболические нефропатии, что приводит к изменению структуры патологии. К примеру, только в России показатель общей распространенности заболеваний органов МВС у детей за последние два десятилетия увеличился на 74,5% (р<0,0001).; This article presents data on the development of (chronic kidney disease) CKD in children. In particular, with the pathology of the urinary system in children of different age groups. We analyzed the main clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in children with pathology of the urinary system. The main parameters of the functional state of the kidneys were considered, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the CKD EPI formula. The chronic pathology of the urinary system in children was also analyzed. The course of CKD in children with various clinical nosological forms of kidney pathology was studied.

The first experience of visualizing the metabolic cascade using the fractal approach

2025-04-15T08:22:58Z

The first experience of visualizing the metabolic cascade using the fractal approach Biryukov, V. This study is devoted to the study of the metabolism of the human body based on the fractal approach. The metabolic cascade refers to a chain of branched, numerous chemical reactions that ensure the normal functioning of the body. This is an extremely important process that includes the synthesis of complex compounds necessary for normal life, as well as the conversion of nutrients received from the outside into energy. The series of chemical reactions in metabolism are called metabolic pathways. In them, with the participation of enzymes, some biologically significant molecules are sequentially converted into others.